An ebook (short for electronic book), also known as an e-book or eBook, is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices.[1] Although sometimes defined as "an electronic version of a printed book",[2] some e-books exist without a printed equivalent. E-books can be read on dedicated e-reader devices, but also on any computer device that features a controllable viewing screen, including desktop computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones.
Dedicated hardware devices for ebook reading began to appear in the 70s and 80s, in addition to the mainframe and laptop solutions, and collections of data per se. One early e-book implementation was the desktop prototype for a proposed notebook computer, the Dynabook, in the 1970s at PARC: a general-purpose portable personal computer capable of displaying books for reading.[28] In 1980, the U.S. Department of Defense began concept development for a portable electronic delivery device for technical maintenance information called project PEAM, the Portable Electronic Aid for Maintenance. Detailed specifications were completed in FY 1981/82, and prototype development began with Texas Instruments that same year. Four prototypes were produced and delivered for testing in 1986, and tests were completed in 1987. The final summary report was produced in 1989 by the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, authored by Robert Wisher and J. Peter Kincaid.[29] A patent application for the PEAM device,[30] titled "Apparatus for delivering procedural type instructions", was submitted by Texas Instruments on December 4, 1985, listing John K. Harkins and Stephen H. Morriss as inventors.
Ebook txt format download How Plants Work: Form,
Public domain books are those whose copyrights have expired, meaning they can be copied, edited, and sold freely without restrictions.[190] Many of these books can be downloaded for free from websites like the Internet Archive, in formats that many e-readers support, such as PDF, TXT, and EPUB. Books in other formats may be converted to an e-reader-compatible format using e-book writing software, for example Calibre.
Ultimately, the safest way to obtain and read ebooks is to do it via an official distributor. Especially so when your target device is a dedicated e-paper or e-ink device reader and not a fully-functional smart tablet in disguise (Kindle Fire, we're looking at you). This way, you also won't have to worry about the format of the book you're about to download.
Are ebook formats other than PDF as likely to contain viruses? Well, it's much harder, but still possible to sneak a virus into a MOBI or AZW file for Kindle. An infected EPUB (preferred ebook format for iPhones and iPads) can also be a real thing because EPUB files are essentially special archive files containing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript scripts.
A few years ago, we created ebook templates to help make this process easier for you. They were so popular that we decided to revamp the offer and include PowerPoint, Adobe Indesign, and Google Slides formats. We hope these templates minimize the time you spend on the details of design, allowing you to concentrate on writing valuable, lead-generating content your readers will love.
Use the dropdown menu to choose which table columns are downloaded for each study and in what format: Displayed Columns. Choose this option to download only table columns shown onscreen. The default study columns shown onscreen are Row, Status, Study Title, Condition and Interventions. To change which columns are shown in your search results, close the window you are in, click on the Show/Hide Columns link (located on the right side of the search results List tab), and then add or remove columns by marking or unmarking the column names.
All Available Columns. Choose this option to download all available table columns. Includes over 20 columns such as Status, Conditions, Interventions, Study Type, Phase, and Sponsor/Collaborators. For more information about columns, see Customize Your Search Results Display.
Select file format.
To immediately begin downloading study records (that is, all registration information as well as any available results information) for the studies found by your search, add "download_fields" between "results/" and "?" in "search request" URL, and one or more of the following URL parameters to the end of the "search request" URL: Parameter Options* Description down_count Number of records to download: 10, 100, 1000, 10000 Specify if the top 10, 100, 1000, or 10,000 (maximum) studies retrieved by your search are to be downloaded. down_flds Fields to download: all, default Specify "all" available fields listed in the Show/Hide Columns window or "default" fields (including Title, Status, Has Study Results, Conditions, and Interventions) in the download file. down_fmt File format: plain, csv, tsv, xml, pdf Specify the format of the downloaded file. (See Select File Format) down_chunk Set of records to download: 1, 2, 3,...,N Specify which set of records to include in the downloaded file relative to the option selected for the down_count parameter. For example, down_chunk=1 when down_count=10 indicates the first set of 10 study records (i.e., rows 1 to 10 on the Search Results List). For down_chunk=2 when down_count=10, the second set 10 study records (i.e., rows 11 to 20) is downloaded. *Bold text indicates the default setting for each parameter (used if that parameter is missing/not specified) Example: _fields?cond=cancer&down_count=10
Entering the above URL in a browser searches for "cancer" in the Other Terms search field and downloads a PDF file (default file format when down_fmt is missing) that includes the default fields (when down_flds is missing) for the top 10 studies listed in rows 1 to 10 of the Search Results List (default when down_chunk is missing). To download the "second set" of 10 study records (that is, rows 11 to 20) for the same search as a plain text file, use the following URL: Example: _fields?cond=cancer&down_count=10&down_fmt=plain&down_chunk=2
Display a Single Record in XML To display an individual study protocol record in your browser in XML, add the URL parameter "displayxml=true" to the end of a "show study" URL:
To immediately begin downloading study records (that is, all registration information as well as any available results information) in XML, add "download fields" between "results/" and "?" in "search request" URL. Optionally, append the "down_chunk URL parameter to the end of a "search request" URL as described previously:
As for layout, the page intentionally gives equal space to the ebook information and the download form. This balanced design allows visitors to scan for relevant information without getting pulled away from the download form.
This vibrant ebook landing page example comes from Transform, a fitness company and app that offers personalized programs (including macro-based meal plans and one-on-one coaching) to help people live their best (and healthiest) lives.
An ebook is really just a computer file full of words (andsometimes images). In theory, you could make an ebook just by typinginformation into a word processor. The file you save has all theelements of an electronic book: you can read the information on acomputer, search it for keywords, or share it easily with someone else.
An electronic book reader is a small, portable computer designed forreading books stored in a digital format such as ASCII, PDF, HTML, RTF, oranother similar format. (Currently the two most popular ebook formats areEPUB, a worldwide, open standard that evolved from an earlier standard called OEB (Open ebook) and widely used by Sony Readers and most other ebook readers, and AZW, aproprietary format developed by Amazon and currently readable onlyon its Kindle reader. There are a few other formats including MOBI and LRF,but you don't hear about them so much.) However you go about it, books take up very little space when you storethem in electronic format: you could easily fit 10,000 electroniccopies of the Bible onto a single DVD. Most ebook readers can store hundredsor even thousands of titles at a time and most now have Wi-Fi Internetconnections so you can download more books whenever you wish.
Photo: You can read electronic books right now, even if you don't have a handheld ebook reader. There are lots of ebook reader apps and there's free electronic book software available for all the popular PC operating systems. You can also download versions of the Amazon Kindle that work on a PC, Mac, iPod/iPad, iPhone, or Android smartphone. Here's the Caliber electronic book reader running on a normal computer screen, showing the first page of F.Scott Fitzgerald's The Beautiful and Damned.
Before you buy a dedicated reader, try experimenting with your smartphone or laptop first with something like the Amazon Kindleapp or Google Books (which lets you buy ebooks from the Google Play store). Don't forget to check out your locallibrary: see whether they offer free support for OverDrive, cloudLibrary, or something similar.Also remember that you can often download books from publishers' websites, which is a good way to put more money in the hands of people who produce the books you love. If you'd rather get an ebook reader, you have a choice to make...
They're all broadly similar: they're all light, portable, and handheld and they all have large internalflash memories that hold hundreds or thousands of books.Some have touchscreens; others (like the older and cheaper Kindles) have miniaturekeyboards. Some have wireless connections for downloading more books; others (such as the Sony Readers) have to be connected to a computer with a USB cable. If you connect with USB, running an ebook reader is rather like running an iPod or MP3 player: typically you maintain a library on your PC with a piece of software similar to iTunes, to which you add and remove books and other documents. When you plug in your reader, it "syncs" (synchronizes) its internalmemory with the library on your PC, adding any new books and deleting any unwanted ones. If you have a wireless reader, you maintain your library on the reader itself or in the cloud (stored on a remote computer somewhere and accessed online), adding and removing books directly. So... wireless or cable? It's not a big issue, I don't think, though elderly people who have little experience of using a computer may find buying books easier with something like a wireless Kindle with its built-in, easy-to-use bookstore). 2ff7e9595c
Comments